#rhetoric The classical rhetorical structure is as follows: - [[exordium]] (*opening*) - [[narratio]] (*backstory*) - [[propositio]] (*proposition*) and [[partitio]] (*division*) - [[confirmatio]] (*main points*) - [[refutatio]] (*counter points*) - [[peroratio]] (*conclusion*) ## Past and future The *beginning* of a speech is typically oriented [[the beginning of a speech is typically oriented toward the past|toward the past]] while the *end* of a speech is oriented [[the end of a speech is oriented towards the future|toward the future]]. Most speeches, indeed, tend to follow a past-present-future pattern of _some_ sort. Even a speech that is mostly about the future will, for example, spend a bit of time on the past and present in the [[narratio]] or "statement of the facts" section (just so the spaker and audience [[a speaker tunes themselves to their audience|are on the same page]]). This is related to, or even implicit in, how [[the rhetorical stasis questions help with structure|the rhetorical stasis questions affect rhetorical structure]]. ## Ethos, Logos, Pathos [[ethos|Ethos]] makes sense at [[ethos makes sense at the beginning of a speech|the beginning]]. [[logos|Logos]] makes sense [[logos makes sense in the middle of a speech|in the middle]]. [[pathos|Pathos]] makes sense [[pathos makes sense at the end of a speech|at the end]]